BSE Odisha Class 10 English Solutions Chapter 4 At the High School

 BSE Odisha Class 10 English Solutions Chapter 4 At the High School

E. Let’s Understand The Text:

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Question 1.

What is a biography? What is an autobiography?

(ଜୀବନୀ କ’ ଣ ? ଆତ୍ମଜୀବନୀକ’ ଣ ?)

Answer:

A biography is the life history of a person. An autobiography is the life history of a person written by himself or herself.

Question 2.

Is this lesson a biography or an autobiography? Support your answer with reasons.

(ଏହି ବିଷୟଟି ଏକ ଜୀବନୀ ବା ଏକ ଆତ୍ମଜୀବନୀ ? କାରଣ ଦର୍ଶାଇ ତୁମ ଯଥାର୍ଥତା ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ କର ।)

Answer:

This lesson is an autobiography (auto-self, bio-life, graphy – writing). The reason for it being an autobiography is that it begins with the first person pronoun(ପ୍ରଥମ ପୁରୁଷ ସର୍ବନାମ) ‘I’ standing for (ସୂଚିତ କରୁଥିବା) the writer Mahatma Gandhi. Also, the use of ‘my’ (Gandhi’s) proves it to be an autobiography.

Question 3.

Was Gandhi good at studies ? How will you support your answer ?

ପାଠରେ ଦକ୍ଷ ଥିଲେ ? ତୁମେ କିପରି ତୁମର ଉତ୍ତରକୁ ସମର୍ଥନ କରିବ ?)

Answer:

Yes, Gandhi was good at his studies. I will support (ସମର୍ଥନ କରିବି) by saying so (ଏହା କହି) with the expressions mentioned (ଦର୍ଶାଯାଇଥ‌ିବା ଅଭିବ୍ୟକ୍ତିସମୂହରୁ) like (ଯଥା) “I wasn’t regarded as a fool at the high school”, “I always enjoyed the affection of my teachers” and “I never had a bad certificate”. “I even won prizes ” etc.

Question 4.

Did his teacher like him?

(ତାଙ୍କର ଶିକ୍ଷକ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଭଲ ପାଉଥିଲେ କି ?)

Answer:

Yes, his teachers liked him.

Question 5.

What sorts of certificates were sent to his parents?

(କେଉଁ ପ୍ରକାର ପ୍ରମାଣପତ୍ର ତାଙ୍କ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କ ପାଖକୁ ପଠାଯାଉଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

Certificates of progress and character were sent to his parents every year.

Question 6.

When did he win prizes?

(ସେ କେତେବେଳେ ପୁରସ୍କାର ଜିତୁଥିଲେ ?)

Answer:

He won prizes after he passed out of the second standard.

Question 7.

Which standards did he get scholarships in ?

(କେଉଁସବୁ ଶ୍ରେଣୀରେ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ କରୁଥିଲାବେଳେ ସେ ଛାତ୍ରବୃତ୍ତି ପାଉଥିଲେ ?)

Answer:

He got scholarships when he was in standard fifth and sixth.

Question 8.

What were the amounts of his scholarships?

(ତାଙ୍କ ଛାତ୍ରବୃତ୍ତିର ପରିମାଣ କେତେ ଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

Rupees four and ten were the amounts of scholarships Gandhi obtained (ପାଉଥିଲେ ).

Question 9.

Who did he thank more for his scholarship – himself or his good luck?

(ସେ ଛାତ୍ରବୃତ୍ତି ପାଇଁ କାହାକୁ ଅଧିକ ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ ଦେଉଥିଲେ – ନିଜକୁ ବା ନିଜର ସୌଭାଗ୍ୟକୁ ?)

Answer:

He thanked his good luck more for his scholarship than himself or his merit.

Question 10.

What do you know about Gandhi as a person?

(ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଭାବରେ ତୁମେ ଗାନ୍ଧିଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ କ’ଣ ଜାଣିଛ ?)

Answer:

As a person, I know that Gandhi as a student was good at studies, besides being very particular (ସବିଶେଷ) about himself.

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Question 11.

What was he very much careful about?

(ସେ କେଉଁ ବିଷୟରେ ଅଧ‌ିକ ଯତ୍ନଶୀଳ ଥିଲେ?)

Answer:

He was very much careful about his character (ଚରିତ୍ର ବିଷୟରେ).

Question 12.

How did he react when blamed?

(ନିନ୍ଦିତ ହେଉଥ୍ଲାବେଳେ ସେ କିପରି ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କରୁଥିଲେ? )

Answer:

When being blamed he broke into tears (କାନ୍ଦି ପକାଉଥିଲେ).

Or, Any sort (ପ୍ରକାର) of blame brought tears into his eyes.

Question 13.

What was more important for Gandhi – winning prizes or building character?

(କ’ଣ ଗାନ୍ଧିଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଅଧିକ ଗୁରୁତ୍ଵପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଥିଲା – ପୁରସ୍କାର ଜିତିବା ବା ଚରିତ୍ର ଗଠନ କରିବା?)

Answer:

Building character was more important for Gandhi.

Question 14.

Why did he get physical punishment?

(ସେ କାହିଁକି ଶାରୀରିକ ଦଣ୍ଡ ପାଇଥିଲେ ?)

Answer:

He got physical punishment for some little blemish in his character.

Question 15.

Who was the headmaster?

(ପ୍ରଧାନଶିକ୍ଷକ କିଏ ଥିଲେ ?)

Answer:

Dorabji Edulji Gimi was the headmaster.

Question 16.

Was he popular? Why?

(ସେ (ପ୍ରଧାନଶିକ୍ଷକ ଜିମି) କ’ଣ ଲୋକପ୍ରିୟ ଥିଲେ ? କାହିଁକି ?)

Answer:

Yes, he (Mr Gimi) was popular. Because he was a disciplinarian, a man of method and a good teacher.

Question 17.

What was made compulsory for upper standard boys ?

(ଉପର ଶ୍ରେଣୀର ବାଳକମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ କ’ଣ ବାଧ୍ୟତାମୂଳକ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

Gymnastics and cricket were made compulsory for uppper standard boys.

Question 18.

I disliked both. What does ‘both’ refer to ?

( ମୁଁ ଉଭୟକୁ ଘୃଣା/ନାପସନ୍ଦ କରୁଥିଲି । ଏଠାରେ ‘ଉଭୟ’ କ’ଣ ସୂଚିତ କରୁଛି ?)

Answer:

I disliked both. Here ‘both’ refers to ‘gymnastics’ and ‘cricket’.

Question 19.

What was the reason for Gandhi’s dislike for cricket and gymnastics?

(କ୍ରିକେଟ୍ ଓ ଜିମ୍‌ନାଷ୍ଟିକ୍ ପ୍ରତି ଗାନ୍ଧିଙ୍କର ଘୃଣାର କାରଣ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

The reason for Gandhi’s dislike for cricket and gymnastics was his shyness.

Question 20.

Was the headmaster a lover of games?

(ପ୍ରଧାନଶିକ୍ଷକ କ’ଣ ଖେଳପ୍ରେମୀ ଥିଲେ ?)

Answer:

Yes, the headmaster was a lover of games.

Question 21.

What false idea did Gandhi have about games?

(ଖେଳ ବିଷୟରେ ଗାନ୍ଧିଙ୍କର କେଉଁ ମିଥ୍ୟା ଧାରଣା ଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

Gandhi nurtured a false idea (ଏକ ମିଥ୍ୟା ଧାରଣା ପୋଷଣ କରିଥିଲେ) that games had nothing to do with education.

Question 22.

What were his views on games later?

(ପରେ ଖେଳ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ତାଙ୍କର ମତ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

Later he viewed (ମତ ଦେଇଥିଲେ ଯେ) that games should have many places in the curriculum as mental training.

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Question 23.

What was the special reason for Gandhi’s dislike for gymnastics?

(ଜିମ୍‌ନାଷ୍ଟିକ୍‌ସ୍ ପ୍ରତି ଗାନ୍ଧିଙ୍କର ଅନାସକ୍ତିର ବିଶେଷ କାରଣ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

The special reason for Gandhi’s dislike for gymnastics was to serve (ସେବା କରିବାପାଇଁ) his father after school

Question 24.

Compulsory exercise came directly in the way of this service. What was the service?

( ବାଧ୍ୟତାମୂଳକ ବ୍ୟାୟାମ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟକ୍ଷ ଭାବରେ ଏହି ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ଆସୁଥିଲା । ସେବାଟି କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ? )

Answer:

Compulsory exercise came directly in the way of this service. The service was to serve his father.

Question 25.

Did the headmaster grant his request? Why?

(ପ୍ରଧାନଶିକ୍ଷକ କ’ଣ ତାଙ୍କର ଅନୁରୋଧ ରଖୁଥ‌ିଲେ ? କାହିଁକି ?)

Answer:

No, the headmaster didn’t grant his request because he didn’t believe him.

Question 26.

Why did he get to school late ?

(ସେ କାହିଁକି ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟରେ ବିଳମ୍ବରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଲେ ?)

Answer:

He got to (reached) school late because he had no watch and the clouds deceived him also.

Question 27.

Clouds deceived him. How?

(ବାଦଲଖଣ୍ଡ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଠକିଦେଲା ? କିପରି ?)

Answer:

The clouds deceived him. As the clouds had gathered across the sky, he did not guess the time and reached the school when the boys had all left.

Question 28.

Did the headmaster believe what he said?

(ସେ ଯାହା କହିଲେ ପ୍ରଧାନଶିକ୍ଷକ ବିଶ୍ଵାସ କଲେ କି ?)

Answer:

No, the headmaster didn’t believe what he said.

Question 29.

How much was he fined?

(ତାଙ୍କୁ କେତେ ପରିମାଣର ଅର୍ଥ ଜରିମାନା ଲଗାଯାଇଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

He was fined one or two annas.

Question 30.

What was he accused of? Was the accusation proper?

(ସେ କାହିଁକି ଅଭିଯୁକ୍ତ ହୋଇଥିଲେ ? ଅଭିଯୋଗ କ’ଣ ଯୁକ୍ତିଯୁକ୍ତ ଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

He (Gandhi) was accused of lying. No, it wasn’t proper in case of Gandhi (ଗାନ୍ଧିଙ୍କ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ).

Question 31.

What pained him so much?

(କ’ଣ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଅଧିକ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା ଦେଇଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

The accusation (ଅଭିଯୋଗ) that he was lying (ମିଛ କହୁଥିଲେ) pained him so much.

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Question 32.

What lesson did he learn from it?

(ସେ ଏଥୁରୁ କ’ଣ ଶିକ୍ଷାଲାଭ କରିଥିଲେ ? )

Answer:

From it he learnt that a man of truth must be a man of care.

Question 33.

Was he careless in school later?

(ପରେ ସେ ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟର ଯତ୍ନହୀନ ହୋଇଥିଲେ କି ?)

Answer:

No, he wasn’t careless in school later.

Question 34.

Did he really have to pay the fine?

(ତାଙ୍କୁ କ’ଣ ପ୍ରକୃତରେ ଜରିମାନା ଦେବାକୁ ପଡ଼ିଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

No, he didn’t have to pay the fine really.

Question 35.

How was the fine exempted in the end?

(ଶେଷରେ ସେ କିପରି ଜରିମାନା ଦେବାରୁ ମୁକ୍ତି ପାଇଥିଲେ ? )

Answer:

The fine was exempted (ଛାଡ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା) in the end as Gandhi’s father wrote himself to the headmaster urging his (Gandhi’s) service for him after school.

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Question 36.

What was the other neglect Gandhi talked about?

(ଗାନ୍ଧି କହିଥ‌ିବା ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ଅବହେଳା ବା ଯତ୍ନହୀନତା କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

The other neglect Gandhi talked about was his bad handwriting.

Question 37.

What was his earlier notion on handwriting?

(ହସ୍ତଲେଖା ବିଷୟରେ ତାଙ୍କର ପୂର୍ବ ଧାରଣା କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

His earlier notion of handwriting was that it wasn’t a necessary part of education.

Question 38.

When and where did he realize that his notions were wrong? What made him think so?

( କେତେବେଳେ ଓ କେଉଁଠାରେ ସେ ହୃଦୟଙ୍ଗମ କଲେ ଯେ ତାଙ୍କର ଧାରଣାସବୁ ଭୁଲ ଥିଲା ? କେଉଁଥ‌ିପାଇଁ ଏଭଳି ଚିନ୍ତା କଲେ ?)

Answer:

Until he went to England and later in South Africa he realized that his notions were wrong. The observation (ପର୍ଯ୍ୟବେକ୍ଷଣ) of the good handwriting of the lawyers and the young men in South Africa made him think so.

Question 39.

What were his views on handwriting?

(ହସ୍ତାକ୍ଷର ବିଷୟରେ ତାଙ୍କର ମତ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

He viewed (opined – ସେ ଦେଖିଥିଲେ) that good handwriting was a necessary part of education and bad handwriting should be regarded as a sign of an imperfect education.

Question 40.

What was his advice to young men and women in this regard?

(ଏ ବିଷୟରେ ଯୁବକ ଯୁବତୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ତାଙ୍କର ପରାମର୍ଶ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

His advice to young men and women in this regard was to learn to handwrite only after they have learned to draw objects by observation.

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Question 41.

Why did Gandhi consider Sanskrit harder than geometry?

( ଗାନ୍ଧି କାହିଁକି ଜ୍ୟାମିତି ଅପେକ୍ଷା ସଂସ୍କୃତକୁ କଷ୍ଟକର ବୋଲି ବିଚାର କରୁଥିଲେ ?)

Answer:

Gandhi considered Sanskrit harder than geometry as there was nothing to memorize (ଘୋଷି ମନେରଖ୍ର କିଛି ନାହିଁ) in geometry, whereas in Sanskrit everything had to be learned by heart.

Question 42.

Which class was Sanskrit introduced in?

(କେଉଁ ଶ୍ରେଣୀରୁ ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଶିକ୍ଷା ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେଉଥିଲା ? )

Answer:

Sanskrit was introduced in the fourth standard.

Question 43.

What did Gandhi say about the Sanskrit and Persian teachers?

(ଗାନ୍ଧିଜୀ ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଓ ପର୍ସିଆନ୍ ଶିକ୍ଷକଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ କ’ଣ କହିଥିଲେ ?)

Answer:

As Gandhi said, the Sanskrit teacher was a hard taskmaster (ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କୁ ଘରପଢ଼ା ଦେବାରେ କଠୋର), but the Persian teacher was lenient (କୋମଳ ବା ଉଦାର ).

Question 44.

Were they on good terms ? Quote the sentence from your text in support of your your answer: (ସେମାନେ (ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଓ ପର୍ସିଆନ୍ ଶିକ୍ଷକ) କ’ଣ ଉତ୍ତମ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଥିଲେ ? ନିଜର ଉତ୍ତରର ସମର୍ଥନ ପାଇଁ ପାଠ୍ୟବିଷୟରୁ ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ବାକ୍ୟଟିକୁ ଉଦ୍ଧୃତ କର ।)

Answer:

No, they weren’t on good terms ( ଉତ୍ତମ ସମ୍ପର୍କ ବା ବନ୍ଧୁତା ). The sentence supporting the answer is “There was a sort of rivalry going on between the Sanskrit and the Persian teachers”.

Question 45.

What tempted him to sit in the Persian class?

(ପର୍ସିଆନ୍ ଶ୍ରେଣୀରେ ବସିବାପାଇଁ ତାଙ୍କୁ କ’ଣ ଆକର୍ଷିତ କରିଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

The easiness (ସହଜତା) of the Persian subject tempted him to sit in the Persian class.

Question 46.

How did the Sanskrit teacher feel about it?

(ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଏହା ବିଷୟରେ କ’ଣ ଅନୁଭବ କଲେ ?)

Answer:

When the Sanskrit teacher saw Gandhi sit in the Persian class, he was grieved (ଦୁଃଖ୍ତ ହୋଇଗଲେ ).

Question 47.

Why did he think it necessary for Gandhi to study Sanskrit?

(ଗାନ୍ଧି ସଂସ୍କୃତ ପଢ଼ିବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ବୋଲି ସେ (ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଶିକ୍ଷକ) କାହିଁକି ଭାବୁଥିଲେ ?)

Answer:

The Sanskrit teacher thought it necessary for Gandhi to study Sanskrit because he (Gandhi) was the son of a Vaishnava father. Besides (ଏହା ବ୍ୟତୀତ) Sanskrit was the language of his own religion.

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Question 48.

Did he come back to Sanskrit class? Why?

(ସେ (ଗାନ୍ଧି) କ’ଣ ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଶ୍ରେଣୀକୁ ଫେରି ଆସିଲେ ? କାହିଁକି ?)

Answer:

Yes, he came back to Sanskrit class. Because he couldn’t disregard ( ଅଣଦେଖା କରିପାରୁନଥିଲେ) his teacher’s affection (ସ୍ନେହ).

Question 49.

What put him to shame?

(ତାଙ୍କୁ କ’ଣ ଲଜ୍ଜିତ କରିଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

The Sanskrit teacher’s kindness (ଦୟା) put him (Gandhi) to shame.

Question 50.

Who was his Sanskrit teacher?

(ତାଙ୍କର ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଶିକ୍ଷକ କିଏ ଥିଲେ ?)

Answer:

Krishnashankar Pandya was the Sanskrit teacher.

Question 51.

How did the study of Sanskrit help him later?

(ସଂସ୍କୃତ ପଠନ ତାଙ୍କୁ ପରେ କିଭଳି ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରିଥିଲା ?)

Answer:

The study of Sanskrit helped him acquire (ଶିଖୁରେ ) the little knowledge of the language and foste

red (ବୃଦ୍ଧି କରିଥିଲା ) his interest in sacred books.